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IN AWE OF WINTER -
The first official day of Winter isn’t until December 22, however in cities and towns across the nation temperatures have already begun to drop. Here in North Idaho, a blanket of freshly fallen snow covers Koinonia House. Like the staff here at K-House, many of you will have the opportunity to enjoy the poetry and beauty of the ice and snow of this special season.
Have you ever noticed that ice floats? Why?
Virtually every material substance contracts when it cools. As it gets warmer, the molecules increase their vibrational energy and require more room: the substance therefore expands as it warms. And, conversely, it contracts as it cools. Materials decrease in volume as they get colder. Water is the astonishing exception. It expands when it freezes into a solid. Why does water violate this general rule? Why does water expand when freezing?
The water molecule is a (not-so-simple) combination of two atoms of hydrogen bonded to one of oxygen. Yet this particular combination possesses an amazing array of unique characteristics that distinguish it from any other material known!
The Freezing Process
Although almost all materials decrease in volume as they get colder, water has an astonishing characteristic. As it drops toward its freezing point of 0oC (32o F), its volume also reduces until it reaches 4oC, after which it actually increases. In a pond or lake, for example, this “inverse convection” has the salutary effect of bringing oxygen dissolved at the surface down to the lower depths for use by fish and other organisms. This process continues until the entire area has reached 4oC. As the water cools below this temperature, it dramatically increases in volume, making it lighter than the water below. This ultimately causes the top layer to freeze, which then actually acts as an insulation layer against the very low temperature of the air above. If water did not have this strange property, the entire pond or lake would freeze solid and fish and other living creatures would be killed.
This expansion can have disastrous effects on uninsulated water pipes in winter. However, this expansion effect has essential functions in nature. The rain or dew penetrates the soil, and when it freezes, the soil is shattered into small particles, breaking up the hard earth into suitable conditions in which seeds can germinate.
Why This Exceptional Behavior?
This strange behavior derives from the unusual bonding relationship between the two hydrogen atoms and the one oxygen atom that make up a molecule of water, H2O. The oxygen atom strongly attracts the single electrons of the two hydrogen atoms, leaving the two positively charged hydrogen nuclei rather free to attract other negative atoms. This attracts the oxygen molecules in other water molecules to form rather large, but loosely coupled, frameworks.
These atoms are not in a straight line, however, and the hydrogen atoms are bent toward each other, forming an unsymmetrical three-dimensional structure. The angle formed between the two hydrogen and the central oxygen atom is 104.5o, almost precisely that of a hexagonal tetrahedron shape (109.5o), so it can take up this shape (slightly warped three-dimensionally) with little stress on the bonds. Opposite the hydrogen atoms, the clouds of resulting negative electrification attract the hydrogen nucleus of an adjacent water molecule to form what is called a hydrogen bond – the key to water’s peculiar behavior.
These tenacious hydrogen bond frameworks give water many astonishing characteristics, including anomalously high values for viscosity, surface tension, and the temperature and heats of melting and boiling. This results in its ubiquitous role as a solvent, its remarkable thermal properties, its surface tension and capillary action, and virtually innumerable chemical properties that are essential for life.
One would expect that these unique properties would make it a very rare molecule, produced only with great difficulty under laboratory conditions. The reality is, of course, quite the opposite: it is the most prevalent material on the planet, covering three-fourths of its surface, diffused extensively in the atmosphere, and – to the surprise of geologists – also found at astonishing depths in the earth. That such a unique substance should be in such abundance is in contradiction to any expectation of random chance alone.
Snow
Water vapor is a clear gas, which, as it cools under normal conditions, condenses and forms into water droplets. At high altitudes, water vapor can cool to below freezing, but in the absence of an impurity such as dust, around which it can collect, it will remain in this state.
When ice crystals form, the molecules of water arrange themselves in a specific pattern that is determined by the tetrahedral shape of the molecule in the frozen state described above. As further molecules join those already frozen, they give up their high latent heat of freezing, and melt the adjacent molecules, which reform to a shape dependent upon the local conditions of air temperature, wind currents, humidity, etc. Each snowflake pattern is unique to itself, but is always based upon the hexagonal bonding pattern of the ice crystals familiar to us all.
Snow also has a constructive role in the ecological cycle. It filters dust out of the air, absorbs nitrogen which then enters the soil, and acts as an insulating blanket to the plants and roots in the ground. The difference in temperature between the air and the ground covered by two feet of snow can be as much as 40oC.
When snow melts, it requires considerable heat to effect this, and therefore melts slowly, lowering the rate of melt water and reducing the flooding that could occur if the latent heat of freezing were lower.
In addition to all these unique properties, snow also has the added ability of reflecting all the colors of the spectrum to yield pure white. Is no wonder that we often find ourselves in awe of the sheer beauty of a layer of freshly fallen snow. May the tell-tale signs of winter throughout the coming months serve to remind you of the wonderful works of our Lord.
Related Links:
• Bible Study Resources: Creation/Evolution – Koinonia House
• K-House Christmas Catalog – Special Offers!
• Bible Study Resources: Christmas – Koinonia House
• The Christmas Story – Now on DVD! – Koinonia House
- FROM: Koinonia House News Letter
THE MOST QUOTED BOOK
Whose sermons are quoted most in the Bible? The answer may surprise you. Just as the New Testament epistles are our primary interpretive commentary on the historical narratives (the Gospels and Acts), the most venerated portion of the Old Testament – the Torah – has, within it, its primary commentary in the form of three sermons by its principal author, Moses.
Moses was eminently qualified to speak for God. He was more than Israel’s human Lawgiver: he was the founder of Israel’s religion; he was the mediator of the covenant at Sinai; he was Israel’s first prophet. (Though God called Abraham a prophet, Israel did not then exist as a nation.) Through Moses, God set such a high standard for the people that all subsequent prophets lived under his shadow, never attaining to it, until the coming of the Lord Jesus Christ.
Not surprisingly, the New Testament authors mentioned Moses more frequently than any other Old Testament person. His concluding remarks after a 120-year lifetime have been handed down to us as the Book of Deuteronomy. Deuteronomy is essentially a series of sermons by the greatest Old Testament prophet. Jesus Himself quoted more from Deuteronomy than from any other portion of the Old Testament. (In a sense, Deuteronomy is the “Book of Romans” of the Old Testament.)
The Hebrew title of the book is ‘elleh haddebarim (“these are the words”) in keeping with the Hebrew custom of often titling a work by its first word(s). The English title Deuteronomy stems from the Septuagint’s mistranslation of Deuteronomy 17:18, “this repetition of the Law.” The Septuagint translated those words deuteronomion (deutero means “two” or “second,” and nomion is “law”; lit., “second Law”), which were rendered Deuteronomium in the Vulgate, Jerome’s fourth-century Latin translation of the Bible.
Moses’ words were addressed to all Israel, an expression used at least 12 times in the book. Its frequent occurrence emphasizes the unity of Israel which was brought about by God’s mighty deliverance of the nation from Egypt, and by her acceptance of His covenant at Sinai. They were uniquely God’s people, the only nation on earth that had as its “Constitution” the Word of God.
Sometimes very crucial progress occurs at an excruciatingly slow pace. From Horeb to Kadesh Barnea was only about 200 miles. The Israelites turned an 11-day journey – from Horeb (another word for Mount Sinai) to Kadesh Barnea, the first site for entering into the Promised Land from the south – into a 40-year wandering in the wilderness before they came to their second potential site for entering the land. It took only three days to get Israel out of Egypt; but it took 40 years to get “Egypt” out of Israel! As Stephen pointed out centuries later, the Israelites had always been slow to believe God.
Moses’ review of the Law includes many crucial issues such as the legitimacy of war, the role of capital punishment, divorce, as well as the proper forms of worship, keeping the Sabbath, etc. But the surprise for many are the prophetic aspects of this foundational book: the future history of Israel-including an astonishing prediction of the Holocaust, etc. However, all Scriptures are Christ centered, so perhaps most challenging for the dedicated students are the “types” and “macrocodes” throughout the book. We find them in the roles of the goel, the Kinsman-Redeemer, the cities of refuge, the levirate marriage, and the many calendar issues.
God has not changed since then. Man has not changed since then. And God’s primary message through His servant Moses was Love. Not a list of do’s and don’ts, not legalism, but relationship. And, of course, the ultimate consummation of all these things was, and is, fulfilled in our Kinsman-Redeemer, the Lord Jesus Christ. God always rewards the diligent student, and a careful review of this foundational book is guaranteed to be life-changing! See our Expositional Commentary on Deuteronomy for an in-depth study!
Related Links:
• Deuteronomy – MP3 Download – Koinonia House
• The Joy of Teaching God’s Word – Koinonia House
- FROM: Koinonia House News Letter
Proverbs 18:5
5 It is not good to accept the person of the wicked, to overthrow the righteous in judgment.
This justly condemns those who, being employed in the administration of justice, pervert judgment,
1. By conniving at men’s crimes, and protecting and countenancing them in oppression and violence, because of their dignity, or wealth, or some personal kindness they have for them. Whatever excuses men may make for it, certainly it is not good thus to accept the person of the wicked; it is an offence to God, an affront to justice, a wrong to mankind, and a real service done to the kingdom of sin and Satan. The merits of the cause must be regarded, not the person.
2. By giving a cause against justice and equity, because the person is poor and low in the world, or not of the same party or persuasion, or a stranger of another country. This is overthrowing the righteous in judgment, who ought to be supported, and whom God will make to stand.
Proverbs 18:6-7
6 A fool’s lips enter into contention, and his mouth calleth for strokes. 7 A fool’s mouth is his destruction, and his lips are the snare of his soul.
Solomon has often shown what mischief bad men do to others with their ungoverned tongues; here he shows what mischief they do to themselves.
1. They embroil themselves in quarrels: A fool’s lips, without any cause or call, enter into contention, by advancing foolish notions which others find themselves obliged to oppose, and so a quarrel is begun, or by giving provoking language, which will be resented, and satisfaction demanded, or by setting men at defiance, and bidding them do if they dare. Proud, and passionate men, and drunkards, are fools, whose lips enter into contention. A wise man may, against his will, be drawn into a quarrel, but he is a fool that of choice enters into it when he might avoid it, and he will repent it when it is too late.
2. They expose themselves to correction: The fool’s mouth does, in effect, call for strokes; he has said that which deserves to be punished with strokes, and is still saying that which needs to be checked, and restrained with strokes, as Ananias unjustly commanded that Paul should be smitten on the mouth.
3. They involve themselves in ruin: A fool’s mouth, which has been, or would have been, the destruction of others, proves at length his own destruction, perhaps from men. Shimei’s mouth was his own destruction, and Adonijah’s, who spoke against his own head. And when a fool, by his foolish speaking, has run himself into a premunire, and thinks to bring himself off by justifying or excusing what he has said, his defence proves his offence, and his lips are still the snare of his soul, entangling him yet more and more. However, when men by their evil words shall be condemned at God’s bar their mouths will be their destruction, and it will be such an aggravation of their ruin as will not admit one drop of water, one drop of comfort, to cool their tongue, which is their snare and will be their tormentor.
- Matthew Henry Commentary
There is scarcely any other word in the New Testament more frequently used than this word ‘witness’, to express what the Christian has to be and to do. A witness – one who has direct knowledge; a witness – one who has personal experience; a witness – one who speaks and lives with the knowledge of experience, truthfully, frankly, fearlessly always.
‘Thou shalt be His witness.’ Where? ‘Unto all men.’ And the power of this is incalculable. The power of personal testimony is a power to ourselves. As we tell the story of what God has been to us through all the years, our own faith will be strengthened, our confidence rooted and grounded in Christ: and, in spite of all temptations to doubt and despair, we shall look up to Him and say –
Whoso hath felt the Spirit of the Highest,
Cannot confound, nor doubt Him, nor deny;
Yea, with one voice, O world, though thou deniest,
Stand thou on that side, for on this am I.
And the power of it to others. It is an unanswerable argument for Christianity, the testimony of personal experience, with the heart filled with love of Christ, the mind saturated with the teaching of Christ, the conscience sensitive to the law of Christ, the whole nature aglow with the grace and love of our Lord Jesus Christ!
So it is for us to know, to see, to hear, and then to show. Are we doing this? Do we let our light so shine that men may see, not us, but our Father in heaven? – W.H. Griffith Thomas: Knowing and Showing, 1907
- Daily Thoughts From Keswick
2 Kings 2:11-13
And it came to pass, as they still went on, and talked, that, behold, there appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire, and parted them both asunder; and Elijah went up by a whirlwind into heaven
And Elisha saw it, and he cried, My father, my father, the chariot of Israel, and the horsemen thereof. And he saw him no more: and he took hold of his own clothes, and rent them in two pieces.
He took up also the mantle of Elijah that fell from him, and went back and stood by the bank of Jordan. [Dake A.R.B.]
It would be interesting to have a record of such a conversation between two great prophets. One can conclude that it was nothing vain and light. Perhaps Elijah gave his successor his final instructions regarding what to do and how to carry on his place [v11; 1 Kings 19:16].
While they were having their last words together there suddenly appeared a chariot of fire, and horses of fire which came between them, separating them and taking Elijah up into heaven by a whirlwind. [v1, 11].
Elijah was the second man to be taken to heaven in a natural body, Enoch being the first [Gen. 5:24; Heb. 11:5].
Both now reside in heaven in their natural body, having never died. However, they will die their appointed death on earth as the TWO WITNESSES of the future tribulation period [Zech. 4:11; Mal. 4:5-6; Rev. 11:3-12]
Since their time at least two other men have been taken to heaven and brought back [2 Cor. 12:1-5; Rev. 4:1].
Christ also went to heaven and came back after His resurrection [Jn. 12:17-19]; then returned to heaven leading many resurrected men, and souls and spirits of just men whose bodies were not resurrected [Matt. 27:53-54; Eph. 4:8-10; Heb. 12:23].
Before this, all righteous souls and spirits went into sheol-hades where they were fully conscious while their bodies went to qeber, the grave. Now when a Christian dies he no longer goes into the underworld of departed spirits to be held by the devil against his will [Heb. 2:14-15]; instead he goes immediately to heaven to await the resurrection day [2 Cor. 5:8; Phil. 1:21-24; Heb. 12:23].
Elijah was taken up in both a chariot of fire [v11-12] and a whirlwind [v1, 11].
The plant heaven is higher than all other planets.
[If thou see me….. it shall be so] This was the condition of receiving the double portion of the Holy Spirit [v10]. Here he saw it, and cried, ‘the chariot of Israel and the horsemen thereof’ [v12].
His own mantle was now torn up, so He could put on the mantle of Elijah [v13], which the prophet had previously thrown around him [1Kings 19:19]. – Dake A.R. Bible
2 Kings 2:9-10
And it came to pass, when they were gone over, that Elijah said unto Elisha, Ask what I shall do for thee, before I be taken away from thee. And Elisha said, I pray thee, let a double portion of thy spirit be upon me.
And he said, Thou hast asked a hard thing: nevertheless, if thou see me when I am taken from thee, it shall be so unto thee; but if not, it shall not be so. [Dake]
A double portion, proving that there are different measures of the Holy Spirit and power which men have received.
It is a fact that men have done things in a miraculous way according to the measure of the Spirit they have received. It is also a fact, that to claim any one of these measures without power to do the things intended to accomplished by such a measure is stating an untruth and making a false claim.
If one has any degree of power or any gift of the Spirit he will be able to do at all times what the power or gift is designed for and given to accomplish.
[v 10] Heb. Qashah, hard; severe; tough; difficult. It is translated ‘hard labor [Gen. 35:16-17]; hard causes in the sense of being difficult [Dt. 1:17; 15:18]. The true idea here is a difficult thing for me to grant and it was. How could a man impart twice as much as he, himself had? How could he give something that he did not have? The answer is by faith and Jehovah honoring him in requesting a double portion for Elisha. Some would have been jealous of a successor receiving more with which to do more than they, themselves did in life, but not so with anyone filled with God in any special sense.
It was so, for the record shows that Elijah experienced 16 miracles besides the translation and Elisha experienced 32 – double the number, and some twice as great [p.394]. For instance, Elijah shut the heavens for 3 ½ years; [Jas. 5:17] and Elisha shut them for 7 years [8:1].
John 3:34
For He whom God hath sent speaketh the words of God; for God giveth not the Spirit by measure unto Him. [Dake]
Different measures of the Spirit:
1 – Mosaic portion [Num. 11:17, 25].
2 – Mosaic portion divided into 71 portions [Num. 11:16-17, 25-29]
3 – Elijah portion [2 Ki. 2:9].
4 – Double portion [2 Ki. 2:9-10]
5 – Elijah portion on John the Baptist [Lk. 1:15-17].
6 – Earnest of the Spirit [2 Cor. 1:22; 5:5; 1 Jn. 4:13; Phil. 1:19].
7 – The Spirit “without measure” [Jn. 3:34; Isa. 11:2; 42:1; 61:1; Lk. 4:16-21; Acts 10:38]; Spirit baptism or baptismal measure [Matt. 3:11; 20:22-23; Lk. 3:16; Jn. 1:31-34; Acts 1:4-8; 2:1-21; 8:15-24; 10:44-48; 11:14-18; 15:7-11; 19:1-7; Gal. 3:14; the fullness of God [Eph. 3:19; Rom. 15:29]; the rivers of living water [Jn. 7:37-39]; and the full anointing of the Spirit and enduement of power from on high [Lk. 24:49; Jn. 14:12-15].
1 Samuel 8:6, 7, 9, 18, 22
But the thing displeased Samuel, when they said, Give us a king to judge us. And Samuel prayed unto the Lord.
And the Lord said unto Samuel, Hearken unto the voice of the people in all that they say unto thee: for they have not rejected thee, but they have rejected me, that I should not reign over them.
Now therefore hearken unto their voice: howbeit yet protest solemnly unto them, and shew them the manner of the king that shall reign over them.
And ye shall cry out in that day because of your king which ye shall have chosen you; and the Lord will not hear you in that day.
Nevertheless the people refused to obey the voice of Samuel, and they said, Nay; but we will have a king over us.
1 Samuel 9:1-3
Now there was a man of Benjamin, whose name was Kish ….. A mighty man of power.
And he had a son, whose name was Saul, a choice young man, and a goodly: and there was not among the children of Israel a goodlier person than he: from his shoulders and upward he was higher than any of the people.
And the asses of Kish Saul’s father were lost ….. arise, go seek the asses. [Dake].
Up to this time – from Abraham to Samuel, about 1400 years – the children of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob had been under a theocracy, A GOD-RULE. Now they desired to have a king like other nations to judge and lead them in battle [v5-6].
The Hebrew monarchy thus began with the choosing of Saul.
Samuel was naturally displeased because this request was a personal rejection of God and himself, for he was at that time their recognized judge [7:6, 15-17].
Israel was free from taxes and other terms which would be imposed upon them if they wanted a kingdom. It would be necessary to create and support armies, officers, a king with all his royal requirements; and the people would need to give the best of their sons, daughters, land, stock, and crops. Besides this there would be ungodly and oppressive kings who would make them cry out because of the trouble they would be in [v28].
All the warnings of Samuel about losing their sons, daughters, servants, crops, stock, lands, and wealth to support a kingdom did not make the slightest impression on the Israelites. All they could see now was their own way in the matter, so they ignored Samuel’s warning [v19].
Here God gave the final word to Samuel that he should listen to the people and them a king [v22].
GOD ALWAYS FINDS HIS MAN, and when one fails him as Saul did, HE FINDS ANOTHER. After God gave Saul ‘another heart’ and the Holy Spirit [10:9-13; 11:6], he sinned by intruding into the priest’s office and was rejected: then God took the Holy Spirit from him, and an evil spirit came upon him instead [13:8-14; 15:11, 23-26; 16:14-23], Saul died in sin against God [1 Chr. 10:13-14]. Thus he remained in God’s grace and favor only as long as he obeyed. When he sinned he incurred the death penalty like all other men of all other ages who sin, whether under the law or grace. [see p. 284 of N.T.].
Benjamin was not chosen of God to be the ruling tribe through whom the Messiah was to come. This right belonged to Judah [Gen. 49:10; Matt. 1:1-17; Heb. 7:14; Rev. 5:5]. Saul’s seed could not have fulfilled the Scripture in this respect, so a change somewhere after this to the tribe of Judah was necessary. It no doubt came about sooner when Saul sinned; if he had remained true and godly the change may not have come in his day.
Kish was a mighty man of power: that is, a strong man physically, and this may account for the extraordinary size of his son, Saul who was, from his shoulders upward, higher than all the other men of Israel [v2]. This seemed to be the outstanding thing about Saul, but mere physical goodness is never as good as high quality of character and mind. He proved to be a dwarf or midget in manliness and character. Saul was one of the most insanely jealous persons on record and he permitted this trait to damn his soul and make him despised by men of all ages. He made one attempt after another to kill David who was his best friend. [see 21 attempts to kill David. P. 313 Dake].
It was said that Saul was a ‘choice young man’ and a ‘goodly man’. Both of these had to do with physical or bodily powers, as explained here [v2]. No manly trait or characteristic of a moral, spiritual, or mental nature is ever emphasized concerning Saul. He was simply big physically and, according to man’s standard of the outward appearance, he was a choice young man. [It is noticeable that when God Himself chose David, he stated that He did not look upon the outward appearance, but upon the heart of man].
Sometimes in divine providence even lost things are made to work out the will of God in human lives. This was one way, and perhaps the only way Saul could have been induced to go see Samuel, for when he was chosen king he was so timid that he hid himself amid the baggage [10:22]. – Dake A.R.B.
Genesis 11:1, 4, 9, 10.
And the whole earth was of one language, and of one speech.
And they said, Go to, let us build us a city and a tower, whose top may reach unto heaven; and let us make us a name, lest we be scattered abroad upon the face of the whole earth.
So the Lord scattered them abroad from thence upon the face of all the earth: and they left off to build the city.
Therefore is the name of it called Babel: because the Lord did there confound the language of all the earth; and from thence did the lord scatter them abroad upon the face of all the earth. [Dake A.R. Bible]
A Babylonian description of the tower of Babel discovered in 1876 indicates there was a grand court 900 x 1,156 ft. and a smaller one, 450 x 1,056 ft., inside of which was a platform with walls about it having 4 gates on each side. In the center stood the tower with many small shrines at the base dedicated to various gods.
The tower itself was 300 ft high with decreased width in stages from the lowest to the highest point. Each was square.
The 1st foundation stage measured 300 ft. square and 110 ft. high; the 2nd measured 260 ft. square and 60 ft. high; the 3rd 200 ft. square and 20 ft. high; the 4th 170 ft. square and 20 ft. high; the 5th 140 ft. square and 20 ft. high; the 6th 110 ft. square and 20 ft. high; the 7th 80 ft. long, 60 ft. wide, and 50 ft. high.
On the top platform measuring 60 x 80 ft was a sanctuary for the god Bel-Merodach and signs of the Zodiac.
The builders evidently finished the tower, for the work was stopped on the city only [v 4, 8].
One ancient Babylonian tablet reads, “The Building of this illustrious tower offended the gods. In a night they threw down what they had built. They scattered them abroad and made strange their speech. Their progress was impeded. They wept hot tears for Babylon.”
The builders were supposed to have been giants who waged war with the gods. Nimrod himself is called “a mighty one” and the giants in Genesis 6: 4 are called “mighty men”.
These came from the fallen angels and daughters of men after the flood [Gen. 6:4, note].
The last of 5 decisions [11: 4].
Let us make brick [v3]
Let us burn them thoroughly [v4]
Let us build us a city [v4]
Let us build us a tower [v4]
Let us make us a name [v4]
The purpose was “lest we be scattered abroad”, as God had planned [v 9; Dt. 32:8; Acts 17:26].
Languages of the world:
Mellet and Cohen in “Languages of the world” list 6,760 tongues and systems of writing.
The actual number of languages computed by the French Academy is 2,796.
Tongues were confounded in judgment here. They were given as a sign for unbelievers, in the Church [Isaiah 28:11; 1 Cor. 14:21-22].
This was done before God split the earth into continents and islands [10:25]. The people being scattered “upon the of all the earth” before it was split explains how the Indians got to the Americas and how various other tribes came to be on certain islands and other remote parts of the earth. Dake A.R. Bible
Proverbs 18:8
8 The words of a talebearer are as wounds, and they go down into the innermost parts of the belly.
Tale-bearers are those who secretly carry stories from house to house, which perhaps have some truth in them, but are secrets not fit to be told, or are basely misrepresented, and false colours put upon them, and are all told with design to blast men’s reputation, to break their friendship, to make mischief between relations and neighbours, and set them at variance. Now the words of such are here said to be,
1. Like as when men are wounded (so the margin reads it); they pretend to be very much affected with the miscarriages of such and such, and to be in pain for them, and pretend that it is with the greatest grief and reluctance imaginable that they speak of them. They look as if they themselves were wounded by it, whereas really they rejoice in iniquity, are fond of the story, and tell it with pride and pleasure. Thus their words seem; but they go down as poison into the innermost parts of the belly, the pill being thus gilded, thus sugared.
2. As wounds (so the text reads it), as deep wounds, deadly wounds, wounds in the innermost parts of the belly; the venter medius vel infimus–the middle or lower belly, the thorax or the abdomen, in either of which wounds are mortal. The words of the tale-bearer wound him of whom they are spoken, his credit and interest, and him to whom they are spoken, his love and charity. They occasion sin to him, which is a wound to the conscience. Perhaps he seems to slight them, but they would insensibly, by alienating his affections from one he ought to love.
- Matthew Henry Commentators
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